Extruded cuts on a cylinder

I can't seem to figure out how to make proper extruded cuts on a cylindrical shape. I am able to cut from the inside out, i.e. where the planes intersect the central axis of the cylinder, I can make a cut going outwards. But I can't figure out how to cut from the outside in. There has to be a way but I can't seem to figure it out. Very frustrating. Someone please help me.


Also, if someone could explain the various types of cuts available, it would be greatly appreciated. Blind, through all, up to next, I understand. The other types I can't figure out.


Thanks in advance!

Create a workplane outside the cylinder body to sketch on.